The device was retrieved to the right femoral vein where it was removed surgically.
A catheter is introduced via the femoral artery and directed into the target vessel under image control.
Three lambs had complete occlusion of the femoral artery at the ligature site with extensive collateral vessels, and no dilations were performed.
Right heart catheterization was by percutaneous puncture of the femoral vein in all cases.
Systemic pressures were monitored from the femoral or radial artery.
During cardiac catheterization it was documented that both femoral veins were obstructed with no reconstitution of the caval venous system until the renal veins.
Sometimes an alternative approach must be used because of occlusion of femoral or iliac veins.
With clinical examination alone, the test is positive if the infant has visible cyanosis, a cardiac murmur, or diminished femoral pulses.
