The type of mordant used changes the shade obtained after dyeing and also affects the fastness property of the dye.
The cadmium pigments eventually replaced compounds such as mercury sulfide (the original vermilion) with greatly improved light-fastness.
Polyether agents have been found to be useful but should not affect the dye-equilibrium on fiber, lest they impair the rubbing fastness.
Furthermore, many lacked stability through washing or exposure to sunlight, or fastness.
Mordants were often required to alter the hue and intensity of natural dyes and improve color fastness.
They are cheap, generally have good wash-fastness and are easy to apply.
Durability and color fastness of locally made "manusa" textile also retained its competitive position.
Accordingly, he retired into a mountain fastness and lived as a hermit.
