0 If something bad that you have done or that has been happening to you catches up with you, it begins to cause problems for you:
1 If people in authority catch up with you, they discover that you have been doing something wrong and often punish you for it:
2 to communicate with someone by talking in person or on the phone or by exchanging messages, and learn or discuss what has been happening in their life:
Some people are so busy, they have to schedule a 20-minute meeting at 7 a.m. just to catch up with a friend.