This study found larval parasitism of up to 22.8%, due to the combined action of braconid and eulophid parasitoids (see below).
The ichnoviruses occur in ichneumonid wasps species and bracoviruses in braconid wasps.
It is not yet clear to which braconid subfamilies they are most closely related.
This small braconid wasp is black, with two pairs of wings.
The ichnoviruses occur in ichneumonid wasp species and bracoviruses in braconid wasps.
It appears to reduce the longevity and fecundity of female braconid parasitoids.
