0 the woman who gave birth to a child or the man who helped to conceive a child (= cause a baby to begin to form), although she or he may not now be the child's legal parent
This design would allow for a direct test of genetically shaped evocative effects if it also incorporated measurement of birth parent psychopathology.
This association is tested in a simple adoption study by testing the association between birth parent psychopathology and child psychopathology.
For children to participate, both foster parent and birth parent (or proxy) consent were required.
Genetic effects on the rearing environments can be broadly assessed by observing associations between relevant birth parent variables and rearing environment variables.
Second, this finding suggests that the influence of representations of a birth parent on children's actual interpersonal behavior with other people may not be direct or invariant.
It gives parental responsibility to a carer without removing it from a birth parent, as adoption does.
An adopted person does not have legal entitlement to inherit from a birth parent unless his interest has been vested before the adoption order is made.
Many children have remained in care or have been moved from foster home to foster home because the birth parent found it too difficult to let go.
