0 (of a parliament, congress, etc.) having two parts, such as the Senate and the House of Representatives in the US
Secondly, even if both chambers in a bicameral system are malapportioned, the same territorial units may not be overrepresented and underrepresented equally in each chamber.
Most research on multicameralism stems from the comparative politics literature, as bicameral legislatures are frequently used at the domestic level of modern states.
For brevity's sake, we generally refer to this case in the text as 'federal', though, of course, not all constitutionally federal states are necessarily bicameral.
The legislature had to be bicameral, one chamber entrusted with debating proposals, the other with resolving what to pass into law.
However, it would be a mistake to assume that the world's other bicameral systems share this design.
Cross-national studies of economic voting have also included measures of party cohesion, opposition control of committee chairs and bicameral opposition.
Subtract 1 if weak bicameral; subtract 2 if strong bicameral (total range 1-5, with higher values indicating more unitarism).
And bicameral divided government, during this period, was produced largely by the difference between equal and proportional representation, along with the effect of staggered elections.
