Less than 2.5 per cent of all inventories were for professional people (attorneys, apothecaries, barbers, schoolteachers, surgeons and clerks).
Other occupational groups who were apparently more likely to sue than to be sued were yeomen, scribes and notaries, and apothecaries and barbers.
Candidates could be licensed as physicians, surgeons, accoucheurs, apothecaries or chemists and druggists.
And its healers were far from being restricted to the familiar pyramid of physicians, barbersurgeons and apothecaries pictured in traditional medical-history textbooks.
The first "demonstrateurs" for chemical-pharmaceutical training were mainly apothecaries who were familiar with the artisanship-technical aspects of the production of medicines.
There was at least one other contemporary mercer in the town, and an apothecary.
In country districts, where practice was not restricted, doctors were more likely to be competing with apothecaries for a share of the medicine trade than with midwives.
In relation to pharmacology and medicine this meant that testing a novel medicine could no longer be arranged on a personal basis between apothecary, physician, and patient.
